Syntax extension for JavaScript that allows developers to write HTML-like code inside a JavaScript file. It was developed by Meta (formerly Facebook). The syntax of JSX resembles HTML, with opening and closing tags, attributes, and nested elements.
Open standard for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. It’s commonly used for authentication, where a server generates a token with user details after a user logs in, and the client sends this token in subsequent requests to prove its identity without resending login information. A JWT consists of three parts: a header, a payload (with claims about the user), and a signature to verify its integrity.
Critical component of an operating system that acts as a bridge between the software and the hardware of a computer. It manages system resources, such as memory and CPU time, and provides essential services for the execution of processes.
Principle which states that designs and/or systems should be as simple as possible. Wherever possible, complexity should be avoided in a system—as simplicity guarantees the greatest levels of user acceptance and interaction. KISS is used in a variety of disciplines, such as interface design, product design, and software development.
Indicators used to measure progress toward achieving both financial and non-financial goals within an organization.
Central, consistent visual element used in brand or campaign marketing materials to create a consistent and recognizable identity. It is more than just a logo; it is a comprehensive visual theme that captures the essence and values of the brand, ensuring instant recognition across different media.
One of the most common software stacks for the web’s most popular applications. Its generic software stack model has largely interchangeable components.
Incentive (free shipping, bonus, discount, valuable material) offered to potential customers in exchange for their email address or other contact details. It is an effective marketing tool that helps to attract new customers by providing valuable content or benefits. A lead magnet is something you offer for free to encourage recipients to join your database.
Introductory part of a piece of writing, designed to capture the reader’s attention and entice them to read further. It’s often the first paragraph or sentence of an article, blog post, or other written work. In typography, the first two or three words of a block of text set in a different, contrasting typeface or style (such as small caps or boldface).
Agile framework designed to scale the Scrum methodology to large organizations with multiple teams working on a single product. Developed by Craig Larman and Bas Vodde, its core principle is to apply the goals and principles of Scrum as simply as possible by treating multiple teams as „One Team”. LeSS aims to reduce organizational complexity and promote transparency, collaboration, and efficiency in large-scale projects.
Process of creating hyperlinks (links) connecting different websites, also known as external linking (or off-site link building), when links to your website are obtained from other domains, which improves its position in search engines. Internal linking is also key, which involves creating a network of links within the same website, making it easier for users to navigate and for search engine bots to index the site.
Functional programming language that was designed for easy manipulation of data strings. As one of the oldest programming languages still in use, Lisp offers several different dialects and has influenced the development of other languages.
Type of artificial intelligence that understands and generates human-like text by learning from vast amounts of data, and Master of Laws, a postgraduate law degree for law graduates. The context of the query determines which meaning is intended – one refers to advanced artificial intelligence and the other to academic qualifications in law.
Learning (or training) management system that is an application or software supporting the process of remote learning via the Internet. LMS platforms enable organizations to create, share, and distribute educational content, manage user progress, and apply learning tools and outcomes.
Set of language or country-based preferences for a user interface. A program draws its locale settings from the language of the host system. Among other things, locales represent paper format, currency, date format, and numbers according to the protocols in the given region.
Enterprise-grade content management system that functions as a headless, modular Digital Experience Platform (DXP). It enables organizations to create, manage, and deliver personalized content across various digital channels and devices, and it is designed for scalability and integration with existing IT systems. Key features include support for omnichannel publishing, real-time content editing, personalization tools, and a flexible architecture that can be deployed on-premises or in the cloud.
Lightweight markup language that many technical professionals use to create and edit technical documents. With Markdown, you write text in a plain text editor (such as vi or Emacs), inserting special characters to create headers, boldface, bullets, and so on.
2D physics engine for the web
Methodology and toolset that provides a workforce with mobile productivity tools and applications while keeping corporate data secure.
UI (user interface) component which is allowing interactivity with content without the technical aspects, like managing the code. A metabox provide a way to input additional information to posts, pages, or custom post types and to interact with content by adding, editing, deleting, etc.
Overarching strategy and theoretical framework for a research project, which involves studying the principles behind different research methods to develop an approach that best fits the project’s objectives. It goes beyond simply listing the methods, as it provides the „why” and „how” behind them, explaining the researcher’s reasoning, choices, and the overall philosophical approach. In contrast, a research method is a specific tool or procedure for collecting and analyzing data, such as a survey, experiment, or statistical test.
Architectural style where a web application is broken down into smaller, independent, and self-contained frontend applications. Each micro frontend can be developed, tested, and deployed separately, often by different teams, using their own technology stack, which allows for greater flexibility and efficiency in building large and complex applications. The individual micro frontends are then composed together to form the complete user interface.
Low-code platform that enables users to build custom business solutions by creating apps, automating workflows, analyzing data, and creating websites. Its key components are Power Apps, Power Automate, Power BI, and Power Pages, all of which can be used together or individually. The platform also uses a secure data platform called Dataverse and integrates with other Microsoft services and AI features.
Partial payments made in a contract based on the completion of specific, predefined stages or deliverables. They are a way to ensure progress, manage cash flow, and maintain accountability throughout a project. Essentially, they act as checkpoints where payment is released upon reaching a specific goal.
Permissive open-source software license from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology that allows for the use, modification, and distribution of software with very few restrictions. Its main requirement is that the original copyright and license notice must be included in all copies and substantial portions of the software. This makes it highly popular for commercial and non-commercial projects, as it places minimal restrictions while holding the author harmless from liability.
JavaScript test framework for Node. js programs, featuring browser support, asynchronous testing, test coverage reports, and use of any assertion library.
Temporary UI element that appears on top of a web page or application, temporarily disabling interaction with the main content until the user interacts with the modal. It is used to require the user’s immediate attention for a specific task or to provide important information, such as a login prompt, a confirmation message, or a user form, without navigating away from the current page. The background content is often dimmed to focus the user’s attention on the modal window.
Business strategy that interacts with customers through multiple independent channels, such as a physical store, website, mobile app, and social media. The goal is to provide customers with a choice of how and where to engage with the brand, allowing them to interact across various platforms without necessarily having a unified, seamless experience across all of them.
Type of website installation that allows you to create and manage a network of multiple websites from a single dashboard. This lets you easily make changes and keep all of your websites updated from one place.
Popular architectural and design pattern in application development, especially web applications, which divides them into three related but separate layers: Model (business logic and data), View (presentation of data to the user), and Controller (processing user requests and managing communication between the Model and View). Separating these layers facilitates code management, testing, and development
The first, simplified version of a product that has enough key features to reach the market and gather feedback from users
Rrelational database management system (RDBMS) organizing data into one or more data tables in which data may be related to each other; these relations help structure the data. SQL is a language that programmers use to create, modify, and extract data from the relational database, as well as control user access to the database. MySQL is generally favored for its speed and ease of use, particularly in web applications and read-heavy scenarios.
Written commitment in which the parties agree not to disclose certain information that has been made available to them during their cooperation. The main purpose of an NDA is to protect confidential data, such as trade secrets, customer data, or strategic information, from unauthorized disclosure or use.
Progressive Node. js framework for building server-side applications. It uses TypeScript by default, providing strong typing and modern JavaScript features, but it also supports pure JavaScript. NestJS is designed to help developers create highly testable, scalable, and maintainable applications.
Tendency to avoid using or buying products, research, standards, or knowledge from external origins. The opposite predisposition is sometimes called „proudly found elsewhere” (PFE) or „invented elsewhere”.
Non-relational databases that differ from traditional SQL databases by using flexible data models and schema designs. They are often used for large volumes of unstructured or semi-structured data where horizontal scalability and high performance are crucial. While the term „NoSQL” initially meant „not SQL,” many NoSQL databases now offer SQL-like query capabilities.
Tool that allows developers to manage project dependencies and share JavaScript code. It acts as a central repository for JavaScript packages and includes a command-line interface for installing, managing, and publishing these packages. Essentially, it’s a way to easily incorporate pre-written code modules into your projects, saving time and effort.
Comprehensive solution that integrates various devices and software for effective transaction and data management. It consists of a payment terminal, fiscal printer, barcode scanner, cash register, and sales software. Online POS systems allow you to record sales, manage inventory, generate reports and analyses, and support various payment methods.
Method of gathering information from a target audience by sending a digital questionnaire over the internet. This allows organizations to collect data and opinions on topics like customer satisfaction, product feedback, or market research efficiently and cost-effectively.
Programming paradigm that organizes software design around objects rather than functions and logic. It focuses on creating objects that contain data (attributes or properties) and methods (functions) that operate on that data. This approach allows for better code organization, reusability, and maintainability, especially in complex software projects.
Visits to a website that come from search results where the user clicked on a link to the site that is not marked as an advertisement. This is traffic that is not the result of paid advertising campaigns, but rather the result of the site’s appropriate positioning in search engines.
Program that takes an input (like text or code) and transforms it into a structured format that a computer can understand and process. It essentially acts as an interpreter, breaking down the input into smaller, meaningful pieces and analyzing their grammatical structure according to a predefined grammar. This process is crucial for tasks like compiling code, processing data, and interpreting commands.
Developer-first, open-source, headless CMS and application framework built on Node.js and Next.js. It functions as a backend that provides APIs for content delivery but allows developers to build any frontend they choose, making it highly flexible for websites, native apps, and more. Key features include a customizable React admin panel, integrated authentication, and the ability to be embedded directly into a Next.js project.
Free, open-source PHP testing framework designed for simplicity and elegance, built on top of PHPUnit. It offers a more concise and readable syntax for writing tests, which helps developers focus on testing logic rather than framework specifics. Pest includes features like snapshot testing, built-in parallel testing, and support for plugins.
Server-side general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. PHP allows web developers to create dynamic content and interact with databases. PHP is known for its simplicity, speed, and flexibility – features that have made it a cornerstone in the web development world.
automated testing framework for the PHP programming language, used to perform unit testing by allowing developers to isolate and test individual components of their code, like functions or classes. It helps catch bugs early, improve code quality, and simplify the development cycle by ensuring each piece of code works as expected.
Pictorial symbol used to record content. Rrepresentation of a concept using an image. Pictograms include hieroglyphs, road and warning signs, and fire safety signs.
System or set of practices used to manage and centralize product-related data across various channels. It’s designed to ensure that all stakeholders (e.g., sales teams, marketers, suppliers, and customers) have access to accurate, consistent, and up-to-date product information.
Concept or prototype designed to prove that an idea, technology, or solution is feasible and can deliver the intended results.
Powerful, open-source, object-relational database management system (RDBMS) known for its reliability, flexibility, and advanced features. It is used by many web, mobile, and analytics applications to store and manage data, supporting both traditional SQL (relational) and non-relational (like JSON) querying.
Online advertising billing model in which the advertiser pays for additional clicks on the ad (link, banner), not for the ad itself being displayed. In simple terms, the advertiser only pays when a user clicks on the ad and is taken to the target website.
Most basic building blocks of data that a language provides. They are fundamental data types that are not composed of other data types. Examples include numbers, strings, booleans, and null in languages like JavaScript.
In a sales context, is the process of identifying and engaging with potential customers (prospects) to generate new business. It’s a crucial part of the sales cycle, involving researching, contacting, and qualifying leads to build a pipeline of future customers. Effective prospecting helps businesses find new opportunities, understand market needs, and tailor their offerings.
Intermediary server that acts as a gateway between a user’s device and the internet, handling requests on behalf of the user. This can be used for privacy by masking the user’s IP address, for bypassing geo-restrictions, for improved security by filtering traffic, and for caching data to speed up access.
Free tool from Google that analyzes a webpage’s performance on both mobile and desktop devices. It provides a performance score, suggests ways to optimize loading speed and user experience, and offers both real-world field data and lab data for its analysis. The insights are used to improve a site’s user experience and can positively impact its search engine rankings.
Popular, high-level, and versatile programming language known for its readability and ease of use. It is used for a wide variety of applications, including web development, data science, automation, and software development. Its simple syntax and large collection of libraries make it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced developers.
Small, affordable single-board computer designed to make computing and programming accessible to everyone. Despite its compact size it offers the power and versatility of a desktop PC. Equipped with USB, HDMI, and network connections, as well as programmable GPIO pins, it can interact with a wide range of electronic components and devices. It’s commonly used for learning programming, building DIY electronics, creating smart home systems, developing robotics, and even running web servers or media centers.
Process of restructuring existing computer code to improve its internal structure without changing its external behavior or functionality. This is done by applying a series of small, behavior-preserving changes to make the code cleaner, more readable, and easier to maintain. The primary goals are to reduce complexity and technical debt, making it more extensible and less prone to bugs.
Strategic guide for learning or managing programming, outlining the path, milestones, and skills needed to achieve a specific goal, whether it’s becoming a software developer, learning a language, or completing a project. It provides a clear, high-level overview of what needs to be done, often presented as a visual timeline and broken down into modules or phases with specific learning objectives and tasks.
Key metric in digital marketing that measures the revenue generated for every dollar spent on advertising. It helps businesses assess the effectiveness of their ad campaigns and make informed decisions about budget allocation and campaign optimization. ROAS = Revenue from advertising / Cost of advertising
Performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or to compare the efficiency of different investments. It essentially indicates how much profit or loss an investment has generated relative to its cost. How to calculate: ROI = (Net Profit / Cost of Investment) * 100
Toolkit of open-source tools for building modern WordPress websites with a focus on a streamlined and professional workflow. It consists of three main components: Sage (a starter theme with modern templating), Bedrock (a WordPress boilerplate), and Trellis (a server provisioning tool for development, staging, and production environments). By separating core WordPress files from themes and plugins and standardizing the server stack, Roots.io helps developers create more reliable, scalable, and maintainable websites.
Locale property indicating that text is written from right to left. For example, the he locale (for Hebrew) specifies right-to-left. Arabic (ar) is another common language written RTL. The opposite of RTL, LTR (Left To Right) is used in other languages, including English (en, en-US, en-GB, etc.), Spanish (es), and French (fr).
Strategy that involves responding to current events, trends, and developments in order to create engaging content and marketing campaigns, most often on social media.
Sub-system that exists in the computer where a program is created, as well as in the computers where the program is intended to be run. The name comes from the compile time and runtime division from compiled languages, which similarly distinguishes the computer processes involved in the creation of a program (compilation) and its execution in the target machine (the runtime)
Web design technique that makes the layout, size, and appearance of websites automatically adapt to the device on which they are viewed – from desktops and laptops to tablets and smartphones. Key features of RWD include flexible grids, flexible images, and the use of media queries in CSS, which allow the content of a page to be adjusted to the screen resolution and ensure its readability and functionality on any device.
System for ranking advertising activities so that they create an effective and repeatable process of persuading customers to buy.
Running code in an isolated, virtual environment to test it without affecting the main system. This „sandbox” is a secure space where developers can experiment, test new features, and run potentially risky code or analyze malicious programs without causing damage to live systems, applications, or data. It is a crucial tool for ensuring security, stability, and the success of software development.
In programming has two main meanings: cleaning user input to prevent security vulnerabilities, and using tools called „sanitizers” to detect code defects at runtime. Input sanitization involves validating and cleaning data before processing it to prevent attacks like SQL injection. Code sanitization uses runtime analysis tools to find bugs such as memory leaks and buffer overflows, which are specific types of defects detected by tools like AddressSanitizer.
Preprocessor scripting language that is interpreted or compiled into Cascading Style Sheets. Sass extends CSS with features like variables, nested rules, and mixins. SassScript is the scripting language itself. In contrast to SCSS in Sass you cant use classic CSS and you always have to adjust the syntax.
Structured microdata for search engine robots (CTR increased by approx. 30%, same position, but more attractive-looking result)
Situation when a website overrides the default scrolling behavior of a web page, often to create custom animations or effects. This can manipulate scroll speed, direction, or pause scrolling, and is frequently done with JavaScript. While sometimes used to tell a story or create a unique experience, it is often frustrating and can negatively impact user experience and accessibility.
Preprocessor scripting language that is interpreted or compiled into Cascading Style Sheets. I’s a superset of CSS, which means essentially all valid CSS is valid SCSS as well, which means that it allows use of CSS in its classic form.
Library or group of libraries (often with extra tool applications, data files, and sample code) that aid you in developing code that uses a particular system (e.g., extension code for using features of an operating system (Windows SDK), drawing 3D graphics via a particular system (DirectX SDK), writing add-ins to extend other applications (Office SDK), or writing code to make a device like an Arduino or a mobile phone do what you want). An SDK will still usually have a single focus.
Structured process used to plan, design, build, test, and maintain high-quality software efficiently and cost-effectively. It provides a framework with distinct phases to manage the complexity of software projects, minimize risks, and ensure the final product meets customer expectations and project requirements.
Tool that simplifies complex queries, whether it’s an AI-powered chatbot, a feature in a specific application, or a method for building search queries in a database. These assistants use technologies like natural language processing or a visual interface to help users find information more efficiently by turning natural language questions into search queries, retrieving relevant results, and providing answers or summaries.
Powerful open-source tool primarily used for automating web applications for testing purposes. It provides a platform-agnostic way of interacting with web browsers, enabling developers to write tests in various programming languages like Java, Python, C#, etc.
Key process of identifying and evaluating phrases that users use in search engines to find products, services, or information, as well as determining which keywords are most profitable for a given website. It includes researching popularity, competitiveness, and related words, as well as analyzing competitors’ activities to increase the visibility of the website in search results and attract valuable users. This process is cyclical and requires regular monitoring, strategy adjustment, and experimentation to maintain optimal positioning.
Page displayed by a search engine (like Google) in response to a user’s search query. It presents a list of relevant web pages, along with other information, that the search engine deems most appropriate for the user’s search terms.
JavaScript file that acts as a proxy between a web browser and the network, enabling a web app to work offline and perform other advanced features. It runs in the background, separate from the main browser thread, and can intercept network requests to serve cached content for faster loading and offline access, deliver push notifications, and perform background data synchronization.
Secure network protocol for transferring and managing files over a reliable data stream, built as an extension of the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol.
Text file with a list of commands that instruct an operating system to perform certain tasks. A shell is an interface that interprets, processes, and executes these commands from the shell script. It can be particularly helpful to automate repetitive tasks, helping to save time and reduce human error.
Unique, internal product code assigned by a company to identify, locate, and manage its product range in warehouse and sales systems. This code consists of letters and numbers that may contain product information such as brand, color, or size, and allows for accurate inventory tracking and order fulfillment. SKUs are unique to each retailer, unlike standard manufacturer codes (e.g., UPC), which are the same for all retailers of a given product.
Marketing activities conducted on social media with the aim of interacting with potential customers. It includes creating and managing content on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, and others to build brand awareness, user engagement, and generate conversions.
Open-source Java framework used for programming standalone, production-grade Spring-based applications with a bundle of libraries that make project startup and management easier.
Structured and declarative query language. It is a domain-specific language used to create, modify relational databases, and to place and retrieve data from these databases. The decision on how to store and retrieve data is left to the database management system (DBMS).
Free and open-source relational database engine written in the C programming language. It is not a standalone app; rather, it is a library that software developers embed in their apps. As such, it belongs to the family of embedded databases. According to its developers, SQLite is the most widely deployed database engine, as it is used by several of the top web browsers, operating systems, mobile phones, and other embedded systems.
Intermediate environment between the production and development versions of a website or store. It can be described as a „working version” of the site, where new features, changes, and updates are tested without the risk of affecting the live, user-accessible online version. The staging environment runs on a copy of the website, usually on a separate subdomain or in a working directory. It is intended exclusively for administrators, developers, and testers.
Online payment processing platform that allows businesses to accept payments from customers via credit/debit cards, digital wallets, and other methods through their website, app, or in-person sales. It provides the necessary software and APIs for developers to integrate payment processing, but it is also used by many online merchants and businesses that don’t have a technical team. Beyond basic payments, Stripe also offers a suite of financial tools, including billing, invoicing, and fraud protection.
Strategy that combines SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and UX (User Experience). It focuses on improving both the visibility of the website in search results and the user experience on the website. SXO aims to provide users with a smooth and engaging experience, leading to higher rankings, greater engagement, and ultimately more conversions.
Classification and hierarchical organization of data, information, or systems. In the context of IT, taxonomy can apply to various areas, such as website structure, content classification, database organization, or software structure. The purpose of taxonomy in IT is to facilitate the management, retrieval, and analysis of information.
Set of tools, programming languages, frameworks, and databases that are used to build and maintain an application or website.
JavaScript library that makes it easier for developers to create and render 3D computer graphics directly in a web browser using WebGL. It simplifies complex tasks like managing scenes, lighting, and textures, allowing for interactive 3D experiences, games, and visualizations without needing to write low-level WebGL code.
Logging library for Node.js and browsers that makes it easy to log information in a readable format and integrates with the Timber.io platform.
Management methodology that focuses on identifying and addressing the most significant limiting factor, or „constraint,” in a system to improve overall performance. Developed by Eliyahu Goldratt, it uses the principle of a chain being only as strong as its weakest link to explain that a system’s output is limited by its bottleneck. TOC involves a five-step process to systematically improve this constraint, thereby increasing a system’s throughput and helping it achieve its goals.
Ggroup of tools (and often code libraries) that you can use to make it easier to access a device or system. Though perhaps with more focus on providing tools and applications than on just code libraries. Always for GUI.
Template engine for the PHP programming language. Its syntax originates from Jinja and Django templates. It’s an open source product licensed under a BSD.
Content (photos, videos, reviews, texts) created by users rather than brands or companies. This content is valued for its naturalness, authenticity, and ability to build trust among audiences. Companies use UGC to promote their products and services, build customer relationships, and build a community around their brand.
Lightweight JavaScript library that provides helpful utility functions for common programming tasks, rather than a full framework. It offers functions for manipulating arrays and objects, such as map, filter, and pluck, and includes other utilities like templating and deep equality testing. It’s designed to be a „utility belt” that adds functional programming support without extending built-in JavaScript objects. In the context of WordPress, „Underscores” can also refer to a minimal starter theme named _s.
Powerful, real-time development platform for creating 2D and 3D video games, as well as interactive 3D and AR/VR applications and simulations. It is used across many industries, including automotive, film, and education, and supports development for numerous platforms like mobile, PC, console, and the web. Unity uses the C# programming language and is known for its flexibility and wide range of tools.