• FOOH – Fake Out Of Home

    Innovative advertising format that uses CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) and 3D animation techniques to create the illusion of giant physical advertisements in real urban space, even though they do not actually exist. This virtual outdoor marketing is created using real footage to which graphic, digital elements are added. FOOH attracts attention on social media, arouses interest and raises questions among viewers who wonder if the advertisement is real, which increases its reach.

  • FPM – FastCGI Process Manager

    PHP implementation designed to improve performance over the traditional CGI (Common Gateway Interface) method. It is typically used with web servers like Nginx or Apache to handle PHP processing more efficiently.

  • framework

    Big library or group of libraries that provides many services (rather than perhaps only one focussed ability as most libraries/SDKs do). For example, .NET provides an application framework – it makes it easier to use most (if not all) of the disparate services you need (e.g. Windows, graphics, printing, communications, etc) to write a vast range of applications – so one „library” provides support for pretty much everything you need to do. Often a framework supplies a complete base on which you build your own code, rather than you building an application that consumes library code to do parts of its work.

  • FTE – Full-Time Equivalent

    Unit of measurement used to convert the working hours of all employees (including part-time employees) into the number of full-time positions in an organization.

  • FTP – File Transfer Protocol

    Standard network protocol used to transfer files between a client and a server on a computer network

  • FTPS – FTP Secure

    Protocol that adds security extensions to the standard FTP by using TLS/SSL encryption. It’s an extension of the FTP protocol, rather than a completely separate protocol like SFTP.

  • GA – Google Ads

    Online advertising platform developed by Google, where advertisers bid to display short ads, service offers, product lists, and videos to web users.

  • GA4 – Google Analytics 4

    Latest version of Google’s analytics tool, responding to the rapidly changing online world. GA4 replaced Universal Analytics (UA), which originated in 2005 after Google’s acquisition of Urchin. The tool is designed with the future of web analytics in mind, taking into account the development of mobile applications and the evolution of methods for measuring user activity on the internet. Focuses on analyzing the entire user journey, both on websites and in mobile applications. It uses artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to provide more detailed insight into user interactions. This allows marketers to gain valuable information about the effectiveness of their marketing activities on different devices.

  • GBP – Google Business Profile

    (Before Google My Business) Free Google service that allows businesses to manage their presence on Google Search and Maps. It allows you to create and update your business listing with information such as address, opening hours, contact details, and collect customer reviews. This increases the local visibility of the company, makes it easier for customers to find and contact it, and builds trust.

  • Gcloud – Google Cloud SDK

    Set of command-line tools provided by Google for managing and interacting with resources and services on the Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It enables developers and administrators to access and manage Google Cloud services from their local machines.

  • GDN – Google Display Network

    Collection of millions of websites, apps, and Google-owned properties (like YouTube and Gmail) where advertisers can display ads. It allows businesses to reach a large audience with a variety of ad formats, including text, images, and videos, to build brand awareness, drive traffic, and generate leads.

  • GDPR – General Data Protection Regulation

    (Known in Poland as RODO, or the General Regulation on Personal Data Protection) European Union regulation that came into force on May 25, 2018. It aims to harmonize personal data protection laws and increase EU citizens’ control over their data.

  • Gemini

    Google’s AI models in their latest series. Previously known as Bard, these models are designed for a range of tasks, including search, conversation, and content creation. Gemini is Google’s competitor in the large language model (LLM) space and aims to provide advanced AI capabilities across industries.

  • generative AI

    Type of artificial intelligence that can generate new content, ideas, or solutions based on patterns it has learned from large amounts of data. Unlike traditional AI, which typically focuses on recognizing or classifying data, generative AI can create original outputs. These outputs can be anything from text, images, music, and videos, to more complex tasks like designing new products or writing code.

  • GIT

    Distributed version control software system that is capable of managing versions of source code or data. It is often used to control source code by programmers who are developing software collaboratively. Design goals of Git include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows—thousands of parallel branches running on different computers

  • GitFlow

    Branching model for Git, designed to manage and streamline development processes in a collaborative environment. It introduces a set of conventions for managing branches, releases, and development workflows.

  • GitHub

    Web-based platform that provides hosting for Git software development version control and collaboration. It allows developers to store, manage, and share code, and work together on projects simultaneously. Key features include repositories, branching, pull requests, and project management tools that make it easier for teams to collaborate, track changes, and review code.

  • GitHub Actions

    Continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) platform that allows you to automate your build, test, and deployment pipeline. You can create workflows that build and test every pull request to your repository, or deploy merged pull requests to production.

  • GitHub Copilot

    Tool designed for developers that significantly simplifies the software development process through automated hints, code suggestions, and syntax analysis. It supports popular technologies such as Java, Scala, Kotlin, SQL, Spring, Dockerfile, and many others. Developed by Microsoft, this tool is based on artificial intelligence and was created to increase developer productivity and improve source code quality.

  • GitLab

    All-in-one DevSecOps platform for managing the entire software development lifecycle in a single application. It includes features for Git repository hosting, version control, project planning, issue tracking, wikis, and built-in CI/CD pipelines. This allows developers to store code, collaborate, automate builds and deployments, and manage project workflows in one place.

  • Google AI Studio

    Platform offered by Google to enable developers, data scientists, and AI enthusiasts to build and deploy machine learning models more easily. It combines various Google Cloud tools and services that allow for the creation, training, testing, and deployment of AI models.

  • Google Merchant Center

    Free tool that helps millions of shoppers on Google find, learn about, and buy your products. A Merchant Center account allows you to upload and manage your product information so that it can appear in Search, Maps, YouTube, and other Google services.

  • GPL – GNU General Public License

    Set of widely used free software licenses that allow users to run, study, share, and modify the software. It is a „copyleft” license, meaning that any derivative works must also be distributed under the same GPL terms, ensuring that the software remains free and open.

  • Grunt

    JavaScript task runner for automatically performing common tasks like minification, compilation, unit testing, and linting. It uses a command-line interface to run custom tasks defined in a file (known as a Gruntfile).

  • GSAP – GreenSock Animation Platform

    Powerful JavaScript library for creating high-performance animations on the web. It is used by creative developers to animate various elements like text, SVGs, and UI components across different frameworks and technologies, offering advanced features and precise control over animations.

  • GSC – Google Search Console

    Tool for monitoring a website’s position in Google search results, presenting a variety of analytical data. GSC allows webmasters to check website indexing and detect errors.

  • GTM – Google Tag Manager

    Tag management system that allows you to configure and implement tags on a website or mobile application using an easy-to-use web interface.

  • Gulp

    Open-source JavaScript toolkit used as a streaming build system (similar to the more package-oriented Make) in front-end development. It’s a Node.js and npm-based task runner for automating time-consuming and repetitive web development tasks like minification, concatenation, cache breaking, unit testing, linting, optimization, and more.

  • heat map

    Visual representation of user interaction data where values are depicted by a range of colors from the most popular (red) to the least popular (blue) elements of a web page. E.g. Microsoft Clarity.

  • hook

    Mechanism in programming for intercepting events or calls and injecting custom code to modify or extend a system’s behavior at specific points. It acts as a custom insertion point in a program’s process, allowing developers to run their own logic when a specific event occurs, without changing the original source code. Examples include debugging tools that intercept function calls, web frameworks that use hooks to let users customize components, and libraries that use hooks for things like database operations or event handling.

  • Hotjar

    Product experience insights platform that gives you behavior analytics and feedback data to help you empathize with and understand your customers. The Observe tools like Heatmaps and Recordings allow you to see what your users see. The Ask tools like Surveys help you bring your customers’ voices into the conversation. Engage is your go-to tool to automate the entire user research process – from recruitment and scheduling to hosting and recording.

  • href – Hypertext Reference

    HTML attribute used to specify the destination of a link. It is most commonly found within an (anchor) tag and defines where a user is taken when they click on a hyperlink. This destination can be a URL for another webpage, a specific section on the same page, an email address, a phone number, or a file for download.

  • HSB colors

    Hue, saturation, brightness. It is a color system for picking colors. It is said that this system is more human-friendly for describing colors. In Wikipedia, the term is called HSV (hue, saturation, value).

  • HSEO – Hybrid SEO

    Combination of both traditional SEO (search engine optimization) practices and newer techniques, often incorporating aspects of paid search, content marketing, social media optimization, and technical SEO to improve a website’s visibility in search engines.

  • HTML – HyperText Markup Language

    Standard language used to create and structure web pages. It uses elements, defined by „tags” in angle brackets, to define and organize content like paragraphs, headings, images, and links, which are then displayed by a web browser. Think of it as the framework or structural foundation for a webpage.

  • HTML Map

    Structure of a website, presented as an HTML document. It serves to present and organize all important links and sections of a website in a way that is easy to understand for both users and search engines. It can be thought of as a table of contents or index of a website, facilitating navigation and providing quick access to various subpages and sections of the website.

  • HTML Refresh Redirect

    Method of redirecting users to another page using a meta tag in the HTML code. It is one of the simplest ways to implement redirects, consisting of adding a tag in the section of an HTML document. HTML Refresh Redirect works by refreshing the page after a specified time and directing the user to a new URL.

  • Husky

    Tool used in software development, specifically in JavaScript and Git workflows, to manage Git hooks. It allows developers to set up hooks that run before or after certain Git actions like commits, pushes, and merges. The primary purpose of Husky is to automate tasks such as: running linters, running tests, ensuring commit message format, preventing bad code from being committed.

  • hyphen

    Punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation.

  • i18n – internationalization

    Process of designing products, systems, or software to be adaptable to various languages, cultures, and regions without major engineering changes.

  • I18n-js

    Library for loading a script’s messages, stored as JSON, ready for said script to use. Not only does it allow messages to be split out of the main code containing all the logic, it handles language fallbacks and basic parsing as well.

  • IC – Individual Contributor

    Professional who performs tasks and makes contributions to an organization’s goals without the responsibility of managing other people. ICs focus on their specialized skills and are evaluated on their individual performance, though they may still be leaders through influence and expertise. Examples include software engineers, animators, or expert salespeople, who may be at entry, mid, or senior level.

  • IDE – Integrated Development Environment

    Software application that provides developers with a comprehensive set of tools in one place to write, compile, test, and debug code efficiently. It combines a source code editor with other essential tools like a debugger and build automation tools, creating a single, unified workspace for software development. This integration streamlines the development process, making it much faster and more efficient than using separate programs.  

  • IDS – Intrusion Detection System

    Security tool, either software or hardware, that monitors a network or system for malicious activity or policy violations and alerts an administrator when it finds any. IDSs analyze network traffic and system logs for known attack patterns or unusual behavior, providing a passive way to detect threats without stopping them automatically.

  • iframe – inline frame

    HTML element that embeds another HTML document within the current one. It’s essentially a way to include content from a different website or source directly on your webpage, like embedding a YouTube video or a Google Map. 

  • immersive website

    Website which offer heightened user experiences that inspire visitors to fully explore them. An immersive website keeps its users at the center, combining visuals, content, and interactivity aimed at making their visit enjoyable and connecting with them on a deeper level.

  • Infographic

    Form of presenting information that combines graphic elements (images, charts, icons) with text to convey complex data or processes in a concise and attractive way. It is an effective way to attract the audience’s attention and facilitate the understanding of complex issues.

  • IntelliJ IDEA

    Integrated development environment (IDE) developed by JetBrains for professional software development. It supports multiple programming languages, primarily Java and Kotlin, and helps developers write, debug, and optimize code more efficiently through smart features like code completion, static code analysis, and refactoring.

  • interline spacing

    Distance between adjacent lines of text, calculated as the space between the bottom line of the top line and the top line of the bottom line.

  • interpolation

    Method of estimating unknown values between known data points, which is used in two main ways: in data processing and in graphics. Data interpolation estimates missing values, such as imputing data in a table or filling in intermediate points in a series. String interpolation is a programming technique that inserts variables and expressions into a string literal.